{"id":2784,"date":"2021-06-17T16:30:52","date_gmt":"2021-06-17T21:30:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/?p=2784"},"modified":"2021-06-17T16:30:54","modified_gmt":"2021-06-17T21:30:54","slug":"flying-cameras-are-good","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/index.php\/2021\/06\/flying-cameras-are-good\/","title":{"rendered":"Flying cameras are good"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>We recently chose not to use ground control points (GCP&#8217;s) as part of our surveying work. This is a departure from standards and conventions in the near-Earth surveying space. However, we believe we have made a sound decision that will support equally effective and more time and cost-effective research. In this post, I&#8217;ll explain that decision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The short version: drone imagery and open-source assembly software (e,g. OpenDroneMap) are now so good that, for our purposes, GCP&#8217;s have no marginal benefit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We have high-quality information about our trial area from an established authority &#8211; the Cultural Heritage Agency of&nbsp;Iceland. Their <a href=\"http:\/\/www.glaumbaer.is\/static\/files\/pdf\/Rannsoknarskyrslur50-99\/bsk-2007-64-seydisfj.pdf\">2007 report<\/a> of finds is the basis of our trial runs here at Skalanes. Surveying these predefined areas, we&#8217;ve now flown multiple flights, gathered images, and then run three assembles with OpenDroneMap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s a simple run over the area with no GCP&#8217;s:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/odm_orthophoto.png\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"955\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/odm_orthophoto-955x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2794\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/odm_orthophoto-955x1024.png 955w, https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/odm_orthophoto-280x300.png 280w, https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/odm_orthophoto-768x824.png 768w, https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/odm_orthophoto-1432x1536.png 1432w, https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/odm_orthophoto-1909x2048.png 1909w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 955px) 100vw, 955px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s a run over the area with GCP&#8217;s, adding no location metadata other than the craft&#8217;s built-in GPS coordinates (you&#8217;ll note that the ground footprint is slightly different, but the roundhouse in the middle is the key feature):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/gcp-with-geocode-2-medium-orthophoto.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"946\" src=\"https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/gcp-with-geocode-2-medium-orthophoto-1024x946.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2803\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/gcp-with-geocode-2-medium-orthophoto-1024x946.png 1024w, https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/gcp-with-geocode-2-medium-orthophoto-300x277.png 300w, https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/gcp-with-geocode-2-medium-orthophoto-768x709.png 768w, https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/gcp-with-geocode-2-medium-orthophoto-1536x1418.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>We also manually geocoded the GCP&#8217;s for one run.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the end, we observed no meaningful difference between an assembly with GCP&#8217;s and an assembly without them. Adding the images as raster layers to a QGIS project confirmed this to our satisfaction:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With GCP:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/with-gcps.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/with-gcps-edited.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2808\" width=\"645\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/with-gcps-edited.png 696w, https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/with-gcps-edited-300x248.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 645px) 100vw, 645px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Without GCP:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/without-gcps.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"648\" height=\"698\" src=\"https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/without-gcps.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2807\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/without-gcps.png 648w, https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/without-gcps-279x300.png 279w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In summary, ground control points just don&#8217;t help us much compared to just taking a bunch of good photos and using high quality software to assemble them. They also cost us in portability: even four GCP&#8217;s are difficult to carry, occupying significant space in airport luggage and weighing down walks in the field. For scientists interested in doing work over a large area, potentially multiple times, that inconvenience is not a trivial cost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The ODM assemblies are outstanding by themselves. We have good technology and build on the work of a lot of brilliant people. That frees us to be more nimble than we might have been before.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It wouldn&#8217;t be a post by me if it didn&#8217;t end with a cool picture. Here&#8217;s a drone image from a cliff near the house where we&#8217;re staying:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/7568795D-374F-4D2E-B463-8D45191DEA72_1_105_c-1.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"767\" src=\"https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/7568795D-374F-4D2E-B463-8D45191DEA72_1_105_c-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2788\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/7568795D-374F-4D2E-B463-8D45191DEA72_1_105_c-1.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/7568795D-374F-4D2E-B463-8D45191DEA72_1_105_c-1-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/7568795D-374F-4D2E-B463-8D45191DEA72_1_105_c-1-768x575.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We recently chose not to use ground control points (GCP&#8217;s) as part of our surveying work. This is a departure from standards and conventions in the near-Earth surveying space. However, we believe we have made a sound decision that will &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/index.php\/2021\/06\/flying-cameras-are-good\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"kt_blocks_editor_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[151],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog-2021"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Flying cameras are good - fieldscience @ earlham<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Flying cameras have allowed us to cut back our reliance on surveying hardware like ground control points, without compromising information.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/index.php\/2021\/06\/flying-cameras-are-good\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Flying cameras are good - fieldscience @ earlham\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Flying cameras have allowed us to cut back our reliance on surveying hardware like ground control points, without compromising information.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/index.php\/2021\/06\/flying-cameras-are-good\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"fieldscience @ earlham\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-06-17T21:30:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-06-17T21:30:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/odm_orthophoto-955x1024.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Craig Earley\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Craig Earley\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\\\/index.php\\\/2021\\\/06\\\/flying-cameras-are-good\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\\\/index.php\\\/2021\\\/06\\\/flying-cameras-are-good\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Craig Earley\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f3a33b3bc7289f4ec8c40448905d9164\"},\"headline\":\"Flying cameras are good\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-06-17T21:30:52+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-06-17T21:30:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\\\/index.php\\\/2021\\\/06\\\/flying-cameras-are-good\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":385,\"commentCount\":1,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\\\/index.php\\\/2021\\\/06\\\/flying-cameras-are-good\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/odm_orthophoto-955x1024.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Blog 2021\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\\\/index.php\\\/2021\\\/06\\\/flying-cameras-are-good\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\\\/index.php\\\/2021\\\/06\\\/flying-cameras-are-good\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fieldscience.cs.earlham.edu\\\/index.php\\\/2021\\\/06\\\/flying-cameras-are-good\\\/\",\"name\":\"Flying cameras are good - 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